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COB134 INDÚSTRIA ARTESANAL DE RECICLAGEM DE ANODOS DE SACRIFÍCIO DE ZINCO / THE HANDMADE RECYCLED THE SACRIFICE ANODES OF ZINC.
Moreira, A.L.S, Leal, R.L.M & Carvalho, L.A.p
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Centro Tecnológico, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário do Guamá, Belém, Pará, Guamá, CEP 66075-110, telefone (091) 2111320, Fax (091) 2111325 E-mail: lucier@amazon.com.br
In the Amazon region the boats that do the fishing in offshore use sacrifice zinc anodes as catode protection of their metalics hull against the eletrochemical corrosion process, that is a common way of corrosion in waters of Equatorial Atlantic. Because of the necessity of the maintenance of these boats the local small industries began to produce sacrifice zinc anodes but it was observed that they didn’t a have good work against the corrosion mechanism. This paper considers the production process of these anodes showing the most important operational parameters involved. The results show us that the recycle handmade industry doesn’t have a quality and quantitative control having as result the production of inert anodes which are not fitted to the desired protection. For this research were colected some types of samples made by these industries. The chemical composion of all anodes was analyzed and finally it was made a comparative study of their micro and macrostructure.
Keywords: Anodo, Sacrifício, Zinco, Reciclagem, Corrosão.
COB215 UM MODELO QUANTITATIVO PARA RECONHECIMENTO DE PADRÕES EM SISTEMAS DINÂMICOS / A QUANTITATIVE MODEL FOR PATTERN RECOGNITION IN DYNAMIC SYSTEMS
Edson Pacheco Paladini
Departamento de Engenharia de Produção e Sistemas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - Trindade, 88040-910 - Florianópolis - SC. E-mail: paladini@iaccess.com.br
This paper describes a model to analyze relevant properties of dynamic systems. The variations that the system shows during its use has been considered by the model. It identifies actions to correct and avoid the variations. The actions must be taken in the production process (system control). The model uses a quantitative evaluation (unusual in this kind of analysis). Several modules compose the model. Some of them are described in this paper as well as their results. It allows to understand the contribution of the model to the problem solution.
Keywords: Dynamic systems, system control, quality evaluation, pattern recognition, quality assurance. Sistemas dinâmicos, controle de sistemas, avaliação da qualidade, reconhecimento de padrões, garantida da qualidade.
COB310 BAYESIAN INFERENCE FOR PLANT DATA RECONCILIATION SYSTEMS
Eugene Uwimana
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia,
CEP 38.400-902 Uberlândia-MG, Brasil- E-mail: uwimana @ufu.br
In the present work, a new method based on the Statistical Bayesian Inference and the Maximum Likehood Principle is developped to analyse a set of measurements data in the presence of gross errors. It permits a rapid localisation, identification and correction of source of extremals using as criterion of optimization the satisfaction of energy and material equations. The new method allows to overcome the pratical limitations of previous works which attempted to deal with the problem. The proposed strategy proceeds in three levels. Statistical criteria are used to check whether the set of measurements contain gross errors. A bayesian inference technique and the maximum likehood principles are used to quantify and localize the gross errors. A new set of reconciliated plant measurements is calculated for estimation and optimization purposes.
Keywords: Data adjustment, gross errors, statistical inference, thermofluid systems. Tratamento de dados, erros grosseiros, inferência estatística, sistemas termofluidos.
COB425 REDES DE PETRI AUTO MODIFICÁVEIS PARA SISTEMAS DE MANUFATURA CONSIDERANDO FALHAS E PROCEDIMENTOS DE MANUTENÇÃO / SELF-MODIFYING PETRI NET FOR MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS CONSIDERING FAILURES AND MAINTENANCE PROCESSES.
Luis Alberto Martínez Riascos, Paulo Eigi miyagi, Wilson Munemasa Arata. & Newton Maruyama.
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica/Mecatrônica, Escola Politécnica da USP - CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brasil
E-mail: lriascos@usp.br
Automated systems has been more and more complex and large scaled with the technological development. Examples of such systems are flexible manufacturing systems, computers/communication networks, etc. They have motivated the study from the point of view of discrete event dynamic systems, in which the state changes only at discrete points in time in response to the occurrence of specific events. The Petri net is a powerful approach for modeling and analyzing these systems which are characterized as being concurrent, asynchronous, distributed, etc. However, unexpected events and conditions are very complex to be included in the ordinary Petri nets representation of automated systems. Therefore, this paper introduces an extension of Petri net called Self-modifying Petri net as a tool for the design, analysis and control of flexible manufacturing systems, which considers failures, maintenance processes and operation mistakes.
Keywords: Sistemas de manufatura, sistemas dinâmicos a eventos discretos, redes de Petri, redes auto-modificáveis, recuperação de falhas e erros. / Manufacturing systems, discrete event dynamic systems, Petri net, self-modifying net, failure and error recovery.
COB474 ANALISE DA APLICAÇÃO DE METODOLOGIA DE PROJETO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE NOVOS PRODUTOS/ANALYSIS OF PROJECTS METHODOLOGYS APLICATION FOR NEWS PRODUCTS DEVELOPMENT
Viviano Viviani, Franco Giuseppe Dedini
Departamento de Projeto Mecânico, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica - UNICAMP
CEP 13083-970 Campinas, S.P. ,Brasil -E - mail: dedini@dpm.fem.unicamp.br
The transition from the industrial to the knowledge era, is performing social and economic deep changes for the industrial comportment. These changes in all the internal and external factores out the environment deeply affected the products economics and qualitative sufficiency. During the preliminary project, is more turning the testes of necessity of these aspects. These necessity is involving the Manufacturing Sistems, the statment of industrial comportment as well the Social, Economic and Financial aspect. Several metodologies are looking at the functional and optimal outputs, but seldom are looking the mentioned aspects and the relative factores for the products development. Still less are worried of the Reactive or Proactive Statments and of the Designer's Human Resources. With the purpose to establish the metodological bases for the future computational development, this work analise the conditioning factores of the creative process , throug one of the holistic views of social-industrial universe.
Keywords: Projeto Mecânico, Economia, Manufatura, Desenvolvimento de produtos ótimos / Mechanical Design, Economy Manufactura, Optimal, Products Development.
COB489 Otimização do Posicionamento de Atuadores Piezocerâmicos em Estruturas Flexíveis Usando um Algoritmo Genético
Virgílio M. da Costa e Silva (*) & José Roberto de França Arruda (**)
(*) Departamento de Tecnologia Mecânica, CT/UFPB, CEP: 58059-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil - (**) Departamento de Mecânica Computacional, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica, UNICAMP, CEP: 13081-970, Campinas, SP, Brasil, E-mail: arruda@fem.unicamp.br
In this work, a method to determine the optimal location of active elements in structures using a genetic algorithm technique involving discrete variables is presented. A finite element formulation is used for modeling the dynamics of the structure for both passive and active elements, and an optimization algorithm minimizes the dissipation energy with an optimal control designed using the LQR theory. The optimal location of active members is treated in terms of (0,1) variables. Numerical results obtained for a simply supported beam with two piezoceramic actuators are presented to illustrate the actuator placement optimization method. The obtained results show that the genetic algotithm can be sucessfully applied to combinatorial optimization problems such as the actuator placement problem in scope.
Keywords: Posicionamento de Atuadores, Atuadores Piezocerâmicos, Algoritmos Genéticos.
COB555 ALGORITMOS GENÉTICOS E SUAS POSSIBILIDADES DE APLICAÇÕES EM ENGENHARIA MECÂNICA/GENETIC ALGORITHMS AND ITS APLICATIONS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Eduardo Vila Gonçalves Filho & Creusa Sayuri Tahara
Universidade de São Paulo - Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos - Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica
Av. Dr. Carlos Botelho, 1465 - 13560-250 - São Carlos - SP, Brasil E-mail:evila@sc.usp.br -tahara@sc.usp.br
Genetic algorithm(GA) is a potential tool for the resolution of combinatorial problems with the advantages of simplicity, flexibility and robustness in the solution. There are some drawbacks in this kind of algorithms, mainly because a GA algorithm is usually taylor-made for most of the application problems. This paper describes some possibilities of application for genetic algorithms in the field of engineering activity as production planning, assembly line balancing, layout design, cell formation, production scheduling and shows a specific application for determination of the maximum profit velocity in a lathe operation
Keywords: Genetic algorithm, engineering, otimization, combinatorials problems/ Algoritmo genético, engenharia, otimização, problemas combinatoriais.
COB614 PROPOSAL OF A FRAMEWORK FOR EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF THE ENGINEERING CHANGE (EC) PROCESS
Henrique Benedetto Neto & Luís Gonzaga Trabasso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica – ITA – Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica
CEP 12228-904 São José dos Campos – SP – Brasil – E-mail: gonzaga@mec.ita.cta.br
Due to the never ending improvement product development process required by the market, the Engineering Change (EC) process is also a never ending process with huge impact in the product cycle time. Modifications to a project may be necessary not only for product improvements but also for many other reasons, such as error corrections, further product information needed during the manufacturing stages, cost reduction policy adopted by the company, and changes to reflect modifications in the market. Analysing these causes, it is clear that proper management of the EC process requires involvement of many departments within the company, therefore, a well structured approach is needed to achieve it. The adoption of the Simultaneous Engineering approach supported by the Cross -Functional Team philosophy establishes an environment where the EC process may develop successfully. This paper aims at presenting a framework where the main factors impacting the EC process are established and the relationships between and among them are analysed. Moreover, the support given to the EC management process by an organisational structure where all of the departments inside the organisation share the responsibility of updating, using and communicating product data is shown as one of the essential elements for company’s success
Keywords: Engineering Change, Change management, Product Development Process
COB615 DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UMA CÉLULA FLEXÍVEL DE MANUFATURA PARA FABRICAÇÃO DE QUADROS DE BICICLETA /DEVELOPMENT OF A FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING CELL FOR MANUFACTURING BICYCLE FRAMES
Alberto José Álvares, Pavlos Rodopoulos, Sandro Martins Dolghi
GRACO - Grupo de Automação e Controle, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade de Brasília CEP 70910 900 Brasília DF, Brasil, alvares@enm.unb.br, pavlos@brnet.com.br, sandro@enm.unb.br
This paper shows preliminary development of a Flexible Manufacturing Cell (FMC) for welding bicycle frames. This work presents the main units of the FMC and required procedures for welding the frame joints. The process is improved by using the ABB IRB 2000 six-degree of freedom robot, for welding the tubes. This innovation provides a better productivity and repeatability for the whole process.
Keywords: 1-System Optimisation and Process, 2-Automation and Robotic, 3-Welding, 4-Flexible Manufacturing Cell
1-Otimização de Sistemas e Processos, 2-Automação e Robótica, 3-Soldagem, 4-Célula Flexível de Manufatura
COB621 REPRESENTAÇÃO DE PROCESSOS ATRAVÉS DE NÍVEIS HIERÁRQUICOS/PROCESS REPRESENTATION BY HIERARCHICAL LEVELS
Dalberto Dias da Costa & Nivaldo Lemos Coppini
Departamento de Mecânica,UFPR - Curitiba PR, C. Postal: 19011 - .CEP: 81531-370 - E-mail: dalberto@demec.ufpr.br
Departamento de Engenharia de Fabricação - Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica - Unicamp
C. Postal: 6122 - CEP: 13081-970 Campinas-SP-Brasil E-mail: coppini@fem.unicamp.br
The processes planning automation has been considered, but still not achieved, as a necessary condition to integrated design and manufacture activities. The main reason for this drawback is found out in the enormous and not structured body of knowledge related to every process. In this paper we purpose a methodology to structure this knowledge and, therefore, we explain how the information flow can be directed through this structure. This proposal is based on structural dependence, operational dependence and operational flexibility concepts which will be formalized here. These concepts will be helpful in order to determine the hierarchy of designed levels and reduce the planning complexity but without losing the interaction among process variables. This interaction will be possible thanks to the constraints propagation among all levels. For every level it’s possible to create an Expert Module which can perform in a nearly-independent way. The constraint propagation among Modules will characterise a multidirectional and opportunistic information flow. This methodology has been implemented successfully. A practical result was an Expert Module used to select machining conditions.
Keywords: Planejamento de Processos, Sistemas Especialistas, Usinagem / Process Planning, Expert Systems, Machining
COB623 SEQUENCIAMENTO DE OPERAÇÕES EM AMBIENTE DE FABRICAÇÃO DESCONTÍNUA
José Francisco Ferreira Ribeiro, Cassilda Maria Ribeiro
USP- ICMSC-SCE Caixa Postal 668 São Carlos-SP E-mail: jffr/cassilda@usp.br
Adriana Backx Noronha
USP-FEARP Av. dos Bandeirantes, 300 Ribeirão Preto-SP E-mail: backx@usp.br
The job shop scheduling problem consists of determining a sequence of jobs to be processed on each of the available machines such the schedule time is minimized. The parts are processed in accordance with a prespecified technological ordering and the required processing times of the operations pertaining to each job are known. In this paper we study the job shop scheduling problem in two ways, namely, integer programming and graph theory. A computational program based on graph theory was developped and tested. This program allows us to sove efficiently several examples, despite the non-polynomial nature of the problem studied.
Keywords: Job Shop, Optimization, Scheduling, Integer Programming, Graph theory
Wolff, Maria Cristina1 & Paulo de Barros Correia2
1Departamento de Matemática, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, UFPA - CEP 66.075-110 Belém, Pa - E-mail: cwolff@ufpa.br
2Departamento de Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica, UNICAMP - CEP 13.100-000 Campinas, S.P. - E-mail: correia@fem.unicamp.br
Optimization problems which contain large embedded network structure arise in a wide range of practical applications. Specialized algorithms that capitalize on the graph structure can be developed to solve efficiently these problems. In this paper is described a study of the natural gas distribution system in the São Paulo region. The model developed for optimizing the operation system was structured as a nonlinear programming problem on network with nonlinear side constraints. The network can be represented by a graph whose nodes and arcs correspond to the consumers-points/city-gates and pipes, respectively. The objective is minimizing the pressures in the city-gates satisfying sets of continuity and flow constraints. For solving this problem exploiting the graph structure of the continuity equations it can be used the Lagrangian Relaxation method. An efficient code based on this method has been developed. Results and conclusions about the model developed for optimizing the operation system are reported.
Keywords: Natural Gas Distribution System, Nonlinear Network with Side Constraints, Lagrangian Relaxation Method, Subgradient Method.
COB801 OTIMIZAÇÃO DE COLUNA EM CONCRETO COM RESTRIÇÕES DINÂMICAS
Priscila Goldenberg, Marcelo Silva, Reyolando Brasil e Paulo Pimenta
Departamento de Engenharia de Estruturas e Fundações, Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo - USP/EPUSP CEP 05.424-970 São Paulo, Brasil - E-mail: pgolde@usp.br
We present the Augmented Lagrangian in optimization of dynamic problems. This method solves a sequence of unconstrained optimization. A program in language C is developed and the method is applied to a dynamic problem. The cost of a concrete column is minimized and human confort related to vibration perception is verified. The mathematical model is viscoelastic.
Keywords: Análise dinâmica, minimização de custo e conforto.
COB807 METODOLOGIA PARA DETERMINAÇÃO DE CURVAS E CONSTANTES CARACTERÍSTICAS TÍPICAS EM ACIONAMENTOS ELETROMECÂNICOS ROTATIVOS FRACIONÁRIOS / METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE TYPICAL CHARACTERISTIC CURVES AND CONSTANTS IN ELECTROMECHANICAL ROTATIVE FRACTIONARY DRIVES
D.B. Pimentel & C.A. Martin
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, GRUCON LHW - UFSC
CEP: 88.040-900 - C. P.: 476, Florianópolis - SC, Brasil e-mail: david@grucon.ufsc.br, cam@grucon.ufsc.br
This paper presents the development and realization of a test system that allows the evaluation of the whole variety of fractional power motor-drives with their stages of electro-electronics, coupling different kinds of mechanical loads like friction, inertia, combined forms and of a wide range of values, besides coupling the suitable sensors to measure torque, rotation, position, etc., in order to get information on their static and mainly on the dynamic behavior, for the appropriate design and application of this drives. This test system consists of a test bench with a number of mechanical modules, measurement and control instrumentation and also includes a computer for data acquisition and automatic operation.
Keywords: Acionamentos eletromecânicos fracionários, instrumentação, testes e medidas automáticas, freio a pó magnetizável, análises de sistemas dinâmicos / Fractional electromechanical drives, instrumentation, automatic test and measurement, magnetizable powder brake, systems dynamics analysis.
COB808 DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM POSICIONADOR SUBMICROMÉTRICO EMPREGANDO TÉCNICAS DE CONTROLE / DEVELOPMENT OF A SUB-MICROMETRIC POSITIONER APPLYING CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Carlos A. Martin, Walter L. Weingaertner, Gilva A. R. de Jesus, Rodrigo L. Stoeterau
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC
CEP 88036-001 Florianópolis, SC, Brasil - E-mail : grj@grucon.ufsc.br
This paper concerns about the optimization of the static and dynamic behavior of a sub-micrometric positioner through the implementation of positioning control techniques. The objective is to discuss control strategies which enable position and repeatability errors in a sub-micrometric range and transient response as fast as possible without overshoot. It is necessary to keep this behavior stable when changes occur (feed rate, friction, etc.) in the sub-micrometric positioner's operating conditions. The prototype assembly consists of an air bearing slide, with 400 mm of travel, and the motion is provided by a brushless DC linear motor. The position feedback is provided by an opto-electronic scale with 0.1 µm of resolution or by an interferometric LASER with 1.54 nm of resolution, and a DSP-CNC board hosted in a personal computer processes the position feedback through a control algorithm, whose behavior is such that it try to make the actual position of the motor to match the commanded position. The results obtained with the application of the PI-D+feedforward control and the gain scheduling adaptive techniques are presented in this paper. Using the scale, the results show a peak positioning error smaller than 1 µm and an average error less than 0,5 µm when the gain scheduling adaptive techniques is applied. Using the interferometric LASER, the peak positioning error is 0.27 µm and the average error is smaller than 30 nm.
Keywords: Posicionador Sub-micrométrico, LASER Interferométrico, Escala Opto-eletrônica, Guias aerostáticas, Controle PI-D+feedforward, Escalonamento de Ganhos, Sub-micrometric Positioner, Interferometric LASER, Optoelectronic scale, PI-D+Feedforward Control, Gain Scheduling.
COB838 AIRPLANE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN IMPROVEMENT AIMING PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION
Paulo Martins F. Diniz
Aerodynamics Group, Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica S.A. - EMBRAER
Av. Brig. Faria Lima, 2170, CEP 12227-901 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
Paulo Tadeu M. Lourenção
Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba UNIVAP
Pça. Cândido Dias Castejon, 116, CEP 12245-720 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
The objective of this work is to describe a method developed to determine an optimized set of aircraft design parameters with respect to a performance criterion. The conceptual design phase is essentially handmade and the quality of the resultant aircraft configuration strongly depends on the experience of the design group. In order to develop an optimization procedure which minimizes a combination of performance parameters, models for estimating the airplane drag and performance have been selected and implemented. The performance criteria adopted in this work are based on the estimated time and fuel spent to fly a typical mission profile. The 2 degrees of freedom performance models of climb, cruise and descent are used to evaluate the mission block fuel and block time. An empirical model calculates the takeoff field length taken as an optimization constraint. To obtain an accurate prediction of the airplane drag, a comprehensive model has been selected and implemented due to its capability of handling changes in geometric and aerodynamic data. For the optimization procedure, the following wing parameters have been selected as decision variables: area, aspect ratio, taper ratio, thickness to chord ratio and sweepback angle. Engine and flap parameters have been also considered as design variables. The main results presented in this paper are sensitivity analyses and comparisons among final optimal configurations obtained using different criteria.
Keywords: Optimization; Airplane performance; Aerodynamic Drag;
COB872 SISTEMA COMPUTACIONAL PARA O CÁLCULO DE PARÂMETROS DE DESEMPENHO NA ACELERAÇÃO DE VEÍCULOS COMERCIAIS / COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEM FOR THE CALCULATIOM OF PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS IN THE ACCELERATION OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLES
Hélio Aparecido Navarro
UNESP - IGCE - DEMAC, Rio Claro - SP - E.mail.:helio@demac.igce.unesp.br
Antônio Carlos Canale
USP - EESC, São Carlos - SP, Brasil - E.mail: canale@sc.usp.br
José Roberto Saraiva, Nicolas Basile Valtas & José Eduardo D’Elboux
Mercedes-Benz do Brasil S.A., São Bernardo do Campo-SP, Brasil
The aim of this paper is to present a computational system for analyses of performance of the commercial vehicle. The accelerating performance of a road commercial vehicle is an item which shows the vehicle quality for both, manufacturer and customer The work contains a database and an interface design for commercial vehicles. This computational system has been evaluated based on the values of experimental tests.
Keywords: Sistema computacional, banco de dados, simulação, veículos rodoviários comerciais / Computational system, database, simulation, road commercial vehicles.
COB902 OTIMIZAÇÃO APLICADA À CONFIGURAÇÃO E OPERAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DE COGERAÇÃO / SYNTHESIS AND OPERATION OPTIMISATION OF COGENERATION SYSTEMS
Flávio Neves Teixeira, André Ramon Silva Martins & Luiz Augusto Horta Nogueira
Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, Escola Federal de Engenharia de Itajubá - EFEI
CEP 37.500-000, Itajubá, Minas Gerais, Brasil - E-mail: horta@iem.efei.rmg.br
A methodology to specify and operate optimally cogeneration plants is presented, aiming to lower the cost for energy production, attending electric power, heating and cooling demands. The general configuration adopted for the cogeneration system includes prime mover, heat recovery steam generator, process boiler, conventional and absorption cooling systems and electricity supply from utility. The equipment capacities and operational policy for the cogeneration plant are determined simultaneously in order to minimise the pay back time. It is presented the modelling of thermal (low and high temperature) and electric loads, taking into account constant demand in 8 periods of time over the year and according the periods used by utilities to price energy. It is developed the modelling of prime movers, using lineal approach to simulate the dependence performance and useful heat availability on the load factor, allowing to consider real commercial equipment. A case study is solved for a shopping center, in order to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Keywords: Cogeneration, Optimisation of Thermal Systems, Gas Turbines, Alternatives Engines
Cogeração, Otimização de Sistemas Térmicos, Turbinas a Gás, Motores Alternativos
COB922 MONITORAMENTO DE INFORMAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA SOBRE MATERIAIS PARA PASTILHAS DE FREIO/ MONITORING OF TECNOLOGICAL INFORMATION ON MATERIALS FOR BRAKE LINING PAD
Leandro Innocentini Lopes de Faria(1), José Angelo Rodrigues Gregolin(1) & Raimundo Nonato Macedo dos Santos(2)
(1)Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais - Universidade Federal de São Carlos - Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, C.P. 676,
CEP 13565-905, São Carlos - SP - e-mail: leandro@nit.ufscar.br e gregolin@nit.ufscar.br
(2)CITEC - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo - IPT - Av. Almeida Prado, Cidade Universitária, C.P. 7141,
CEP 01064-970, São Paulo - SP - e-mail: raimund@.ipt.br
In this work, it has been developed an information treating procedure to support the decision making in materials selection, that allows the constant knowledge update of available materials, processes and technologies, enhancing the inovation. This procedure involves the subject contextualization by using the International Patent Classification, the recovering of informations available in several electronic databases, its integration in an single database, and the apresentation of table, graphic and text form results, obtained by automatic information treating. The procedure allows the identification of study themes, researches, companies, research institutions and materials, related to a focused product. To illustrate the developed procedure utilization, it has been carried out a study about the product "brake lining pad". It has been identified the main alternatives for the solution of two important problems related to this product: the "elimination of asbestos-containing materials" and the "study of brake system originated noise and vibration".
Keywords: Seleção de Materiais; Pastilha de Freio; Informação Tecnológica; Bases de Dados Eletrônicas; Classificação Internacional de Patentes. / Materials Selection; Brake Lining Pad; Technological Information; Electronic Data Bases; International Patent Classification.
COB937 IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE REQUISITOS QS-9000 EM UM AMBIENTE INTEGRADO DE ENGENHARIA / QS-9000 REQUIREMENTS IMPLEMENTATION IN AN INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING ENVIROMENT
Eduardo de Senzi. Zancul, Henrique Rozenfeld & André Carlos Marchioni
Depto. de Engenharia Mecânica-EESC/USP - Av. Dr. Carlos Botelho 1465 - CEP 13560-250 - São Carlos-SP
E-mail: ezancul@sc.usp.br, roz@sc.usp.br, marchion@sc.usp.br
The economic globalization and growing competitivity bring great challenges to the Mercosul economy. As an answer to these challenges, the companies implement new technologies and philosophies to become world class manufacturing companies. QS-9000 certification has as goals the guarantee of continuos improvement, defect preventions and reduction of variation and waste, establishing a new relationship between Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) and suppliers. The Model Integrated Factory (FIM) is an implementation environment in which occurs the assesment of metodologies and proposal solutions. Working with Business Processes-BP representation, the Integrated Engeneering Group actually works with the BP Product Development. The objective of this article is to show how this BP was adequated at the QS-9000 requirements, a must at the automotive sector nowdays.
Keywords: QS-9000, product development, reference model, desenvolvimento de produtos
COB1198 Concepção Ótima de Sistemas MecÂnicos:Decomposição e coordenação / optimal design of mechanical systems: decomposition and coordination
Carlos Martins & Jean Guillot
Laboratoire de Génie Mécanique de Toulouse I.N.S.A, Complexe Scientifique de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse Cedex, FRANCE
E-mail: Carlos.Martins@gmm.insa-tlse.fr
Optimal design of mechanical engineering systems has known a great developpement during the last years. In fact, design problems become larger due to the important number of design variables and constraints, so researches are turned to processes of decomposition in the area of mechanical design. The results of these researches permit to define two types of decomposition: hierarchical and non-hierarchical.
Non-hierarchical decomposition based optimization, especially when compared to the hierarchical one, has the avantage that no restriction is imposed on how the decomposed subsystems should interact with one another. However, the difficulty inherent in non-hierarchical decomposition is how to coordinate together subproblems in order to achieve a global optimum.
In this paper, a general method of decomposition and a process of coordination is presented. The principal interest of this method is to decompose all problems of optimal design and to solve the subsystems by iterating on linking variables until the optimum is achieved. To illustrate the application of this interesting method an exemple is treated.
Keywords: Optimization, design, decomposition, coordination, iterative.
COB1268 DESARROLLO DE UN HIERRO NODULAR BAINÍTICO PARA FABRICAR PIEZAS DE EQUIPOS DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN./ BAINITIC DUCTILE IRON FOR CONSTRUCTION MACHINES PARTS
Urbano Ordoñez, Efraín Pantaleón, Yvan Houbaert, Leonardo Goyos, & Carlos Diez
Departamento de Tecnología de Construcción de Maquinaria, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica,ISPJAE,
Habana, Cuba, Profesor Visitante en EPUSP, Depto de Engenharia Mecânica,Patrocinado por FAPESP. Email: urbyordz@usp.br
The aim of this work is the development of a fabrication technology for 1,0% copper alloyed bainitic ductile iron. The alloy is intended for using it in automotive, construction, agriculture and other related industries, where low alloyed carbon steel spare parts are imported at very high prices in hard currency. The principal task to be carried out was the selection of an optimum heat treating technology; that means; austenization and austempering parameters. Metallurgical quality of the alloy after the heat treatment was assessed by means of different tests including mechanical properties, optical and SEM microscopy and X rays diffraction and microanalysis. Strain hardening of the alloy was evaluated through a compression test. Austenization at 880 o C during two hours and austempering at 380 o C also during two hours were the selected parameters for heat treating of several spur gears and pneumatic hammers handles that are now being evaluated.
Keywords: hierro nodular bainítico, fabricación, tratamiento térmico / bainitic ductile iron, fabrication, heat treatment
COB1462 Um Método de Análise Termoeconômica para Otimização de um Sistema de cogeração / A thermoeconomic analysis method for a cogeneration system optimization
Celso Eduardo Tuna & José Luz Silveira
Departamento de Energia, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica - UNESP - Guaratinguetá
CEP 12.500-000 Guaratinguetá, Brasil - E-mail: tuna@feg.unesp.br & joseluz@feg.unesp.br
This article presents an exergoeconomic analysis of a cogeneration plant, applied as a rational technique to produce electric power and saturated steam. The aim of this new methodology is the minimum manufacturing exergy cost, based on the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The decision variables selected for the optimization are the pressure and the temperature of the steam leaving the boiler, because they affect significantly the energy and the economic performance of the cogeneration system. The equations for calculating the capital costs of the components are formulated as a function of these decision variables. An application of the method using real data of a multinational chemical industry located in São Paulo State is presented. The cogeneration system is intended to be integrated in a process plant whose energy demands are 6000 kW of electricity and 5.834 kg/s of saturated steam at 1.5, 0.6 and 0.25 Mpa. The conditions which establish the minimum cost are presented as finals conclusions.
Keywords: Termoeconomia, Segunda Lei da Termodinâmica, Exergia, Cogeração, Otimização, Thermoeconomic, Second Law of Thermodynamics, Exergy, Cogeneration, Optimization.